Scottish North American Leadership Conference

Prominent Scots from across the United States are meeting near Chicago this weekend for the Scottish North American Leadership Conference. Here, President of the American Scottish Foundation (ASF), Alan Bain, fills us in on his organization and the importance of the event.

INVOLVEMENT

IN 1993, ASF’S BOARD ASKED ME TO BECOME ITS PRESIDENT. I AGREED TO TAKE ON THE POSITION ON A THREE-YEAR TRIAL BASIS AS I KNEW VERY LITTLE ABOUT THE AMERICAN SCOTTISH COMMUNITY EVEN LOCALLY. I ALSO KNEW LITTLE ABOUT ASF EXCEPT FOR THE FACT THAT I ENJOYED ITS ANNUAL SCOTTISH BALL AND ITS WALLACE AWARD EVENT, THAT RECOGNIZED AN INDIVIDUAL THAT HAD MADE A SIGNIFICANT CONTRIBUTION TO AMERICAN SCOTTISH RELATIONS.

GROWTH

THE CHANGE THAT I BEGAN TO NOTICE AS I BECAME MORE IMMEDIATELY INVOLVED BOTH IN THE COMMUNITY AS WELL AS WITH THE FOUNDATION WAS INCREASING INTEREST SHOWN IN AMERICA FROM A WIDE VARIETY OF SCOTTISH INSTITUTIONS. THIS RESULTED FROM THE ANTICIPATION OF SOME FORM OF DEVOLUTION AND RECOGNITION OF AMERICA AS SCOTLAND’S LARGEST TRADING PARTNER.

AS IS COMMON IN AN ALL VOLUNTEER ORGANIZATION I FOUND MYSELF ENGAGED IN A WIDE VARIETY OF ACTIVITIES.

HIGHLIGHTS WERE:

IN 1991, SCOTLAND HOUSE, A REGISTERED TRADEMARK OF THE FOUNDATION, RELOCATED TO 575 MADISON AVENUE. 

THE FOUNDATION HAS FOCUSED ON PHILANTHROPY SINCE INCEPTION AND, IN 1993 IT DONATED $15,000 TO THE HIGHLAND FUND TO PURCHASE THE PROTOTYPE WIDE WIDTH LOOM FOR THE HARRIS TWEED INDUSTRY;

IN 1994, ASF DONATED $10,000 TO THE JOHN MUIR TRUST AND $10,000 THE BURNS STATUS RESTORATION IN NEW YORK CITY’S IN CENTRAL PARK.IN 1995, ASF DONATED $17,000 TO THE DUNFERMLINE FUND; IT WAS COFOUNDERS OF THE SCOTTISH COALITION, AN INFORMAL COALITION OF NATIONAL AMERICAN SCOTTISH CULTURAL, HERITAGE AND RECREATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS.

 IN 1996, ASF INITIATED, IN PARTNERSHIP WITH THE NEW YORK CITY DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION, THE JOHN MUIR GOLF TOURNAMENT, NOW IN ITS 15^TH YEAR, THAT FUNCTIONS AS A FUNDRAISING TOOL FOR VAN CORTLANDT PARK. THE TOURNAMENT IS PLAYED ON THE VAN CORTLANDT PARK GOLF COURSE, THE OLDEST PUBLIC GOLF COURSE IN THE UNITED STATES, THAT WAS FOUNDED BY ANDREW CARNEGIE AND A GROUP OF HIS FRIENDS.

IN 1997, ASF HOSTED ITS INAUGURAL SCOTTISH FRIENDS GATHERING IN SCOTLAND AT LENNOX LOVE SEAT OF THE DOUGLAS-HAMILTON FAMILY.  LORD MALCOLM DOUGLAS-HAMILTON, ASF’S FOUNDER, WAS A MEMBER OF THAT FAMILY THAT FOUNDED ASF. THIS ANNUAL TRADITION CONTINUES TO THIS DAY.

 IN 1990, ASF SPONSORED THE INAUGURAL NATIONAL TARTAN DAY PARADE IN NEW YORK CITY.

IN 2000, ASF SPONSORED THE INAUGURAL NATIONAL TARTAN DAY PROGRAM IN WASHINGTON, D.C. AND PRESENTED ITS WALLACE AWARD TO SENATE REPUBLICAN MAJORITY LEADER, TRENT LOTT, ON THE STEPS OF THE CAPITOL BUILDING. IT ALSO SPONSORED THE FIRST IN A SERIES OF FORUMS ON SCOTTISH SUBJECT OF SIGNIFICANCE TO AN AMERICAN AUDIENCE.

IN 2000, ASF PRESENTED FIVE NEW YORK CITY PUBLIC PERFORMANCES IN A TOUR OF “UNITY, SOLACE AND HOPE” THAT FEATURED THE REGIMENTAL BAND OF THE COLDSTREAM GUARDS AND THE PIPES AND DRUMS OF THE FIRST BATTALION SCOTS GUARDS FOLLOWING SEPTEMBER 11.

IN 2002, ASF, COSPONSORED WITH THE NEW YORK PUBLIC LIBRARY, THE INAUGURAL CELEBRATION OF THE CENTENNIAL OF ANDREW CARNEGIE’S $5,200,000 GIFT TO THE NEW YORK PUBLIC LIBRARY IN 1901 TO BUILD 65 BRANCH LIBRARIES, IN 2003, ASF SPONSORED WITH THE ILLINOIS ST. ANDREW SOCIETY THE INAUGURAL SCOTTISH NORTH AMERICAN LEADERSHIP CONFERENCE; IN 2004, HIGHLIGHTS INCLUDED ASF’S SPONSORSHIP OF MASTER CHEF, JERRY GOLDWYRE’S YEAR LONG TOUR OF THE U.S. PROMOTING SCOTLAND IN THE “TARTAN MOBILE” HOSTED FIVE TARTAN DAY 2005 THAT PLANNING MEETINGS IN SCOTLAND BRINGING TOGETHER SCOTTISH ORGANIZATIONS INCLUDED THE SCOTTISH EXECUTIVE AND VISITSCOTLAND;

IN 2005, ASF RAISED $35,000 FOR THE DOCUMENTARY FILM ENTITLED “HOLLYWOOD LIBRARIAN, THE ROLE OF LIBRARIANS IN FILM AND SOCIETY”.

IN 2006, ASF CELEBRATED ITS 50TH ANNIVERSARY WITH A DINNER AND WALLACE AWARD PRESENTATION TO ONE OF ITS MOST LOYAL AND GENEROUS SUPPORTERS.  EUAN BAIRD, RETIRED CHAIRMAN OF SCHLUMBERGER.

IN 2007, ASF COMMISSIONED A STUDY OF “AMERICAN ATTITUDES TO CULTURE AND HERITAGE” THAT WAS UNDERTAKEN BY CAMPBELL RINKER, A COMPANY THAT SPECIALIZES IN MARKET RESEARCH FOR THE NOT-FOR-PROFIT INDUSTRY.

IN 2009, ASF HOSTED ITS ANNUAL LEADERSHIP CONFERENCE IN SCOTLAND.  THE CONFERENCE THAT WAS HOSTED BY QUEEN MARGARET UNIVERSITY AT ITS NEW MUSSELBOROUGH CAMPUS.

 IN 2010, ASF HOSTED STUDENTS FROM THE DESIGN COURSE AT  HAWICK HIGH SCHOOL AS PART OF ITS NATIONAL TARTAN DATE CEREMONIES GIVING THE STUDENTS THE OPPORTUNITY TO VISIT FASHION ESTABLISHMENTS IN NEW YORK CITY. 

IN 2011, ASF SPONSORED STUDENTS FROM DANCEWAVE, A SOCIAL SERVICE ORGANIZATION HELPING INNER CITY KIDS DEVELOP LIFE SKILLS THROUGH THE MEDIUM OF MODERN DANCE VISIT SCOTLAND TO PERFORM AT THE INTERNATIONAL YOUTH FESTIVAL HELD IN ABERDEEN, IT ALSO PRESENTED THE PUBLIC CATALOGUE FOUNDATION’S UNCOVERING SCOTLAND’S ART COLLECTION TALK AND CHAMPAGNE RECEPTION AT CHRISTIE’S NEW YORK CITY HOME. ASF ALSO COLLABORATED WITH THE NY CITY PARKS AND RECREATION DEPARTMENT IN RELOCATION OF THE ALEXANDER HAMILTON MANSION BACK TO ITS ORIGINAL SITE AND TOOK ADVANTAGE OF THE OCCASION TO CONNECT A DIRECT DESCENDENT OF ALEXANDER HAMILTON LIVING IN CHICAGO WITH MEMBERS OF THE DOUGLAS-HAMILTON FAMILY, THE FORBEARING OF WHICH HAD BEEN FIRST, COUSINS IN 1320! 

IN 2012, ASF INAUGURATED ITS COMMUNICATION OF TARTAN DAY WITH ACCOMPANY HELD AT DAY HAMMERSCHOLD PLAZA BY THE U.N. BUILDING; AND ASF’S CHAIRMAN WAS THE HONORED GUEST AT THE NEW HARRYSHIRE HIGHLAND GAMES AND FESTIVAL HELD AT LOON MOUNTAIN, N.H.

ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITY

IN AN ALL VOLUNTEER ORGANIZATIONS WITH LIMITED RESOURCES AND, UNTIL 2009 NO PERMANENT STAFF THE ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES IN MY CAPACITY AS PRESIDENT I WAS TASKED WITH GIVING DIRECTION TO THE ORGANIZATION, CREATING AND IMPLEMENTING THE FOUNDATION’S STRATEGIC PLAN UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF THE BOARD. THE AVAILABILITY OF MY BUSINESS SUPPORT STAFF GAVE THE ASF BOTH CREDIBILITY AND VISIBILITY ON THE COMMUNITY AS IT WAS THE AUTO DATE TO THE “VOLUNTEER” NURTURE OF NOT ONLY ASF BUT MOST OTHER ORGANIZATION IN THE CITY.  I WAS LARGELY RESPONSIBLE FOR ADMINISTRATIVE MATTERS USING THE RESOURCES OF MY BUSINESS.

CHALLENGES

IN THIS DAY AND AGE RUNNING A SMALL VOLUNTEER ORGANIZATION WITH LEGIBLE AMBITIONS AND WITH LIMITED RESOURCES PRESENTS A CHALLENGE SINCE FUNDING IS AT THE CORE OF YOUR ABILITY TO CARRY OUT ITS PROGRAMS.

DURING THE PERIOD 2000 TO 2006 I WAS FORTUNATE TO HAVE MY DAUGHTER JOIN ME AS A VOLUNTEER AFTER SHE HAD LEFT MORGAN STANLEY TO SEEK OPPORTUNITIES IN THE NOT-FOR-PROFIT SECTOR. SHE BECAME A FULL-TIME VOLUNTEER AND THE ADDITION OF ONE PERSON ON A FULL-TIME BASIS MEANT THAT ASF WAS ABLE TO SUCCESSFULLY UNDERTAKE CONSIDERABLY MORE IN TERMS OF PROGRAMS AND EVENTS.

THE INCREASED ACTIVITY WAS FURTHER CONSIDERABLY ENHANCED WITH THE ARRIVAL OF CAMILLA HELLMAN AS DIRECTOR OF DEVELOPMENT AND EMMA ROBINSON WERNER AS HER ASSOCIATE.

THESE TWO INDIVIDUALS, SUPPORTED BY A BOOKKEEPER AND A TREASURES WHO SERVED ON PART-TIME VOLUNTEER BASIS.  THIS GROUPING ENABLED THE ASF TO UNDERTAKE MORE AMBITIONS PROGRAMMING THAN HAS BEEN POSSIBLE WITH ONLY VOLUNTEER CAPABILITIES.  THIS CHANGE HAS SIGNIFICANTLY ENHANCED THE ASF’S VISIBILITY AND STATURE IN SCOTLAND. AS A RESULT ASF HAS JUST OPENED AN OFFICE IN SCOTLAND AT RIDDLE COURT, ON THE ROYAL MILE AND IS CURRENTLY IN THE THROES OF ESTABLISHING A SCOTTISH CHARITY SINCE MUCH OF ASF’S WORK IS ACTUALLY CARRIED OUT FOR THE BENEFIT OF SCOTTISH INTERESTS.

REWARDS

THE REWARDS HAVE BEEN SIGNIFICANT.  PERSONALLY I HAVE ENJOYED GETTING IN TOUCH WITH MY SCOTTISH ROOTS. ALTHOUGH MY PARENTS WERE SCOTTISH, I WAS BROUGHT UP IN ENGLAND AND, THUS ALL MY SCHOOLING, MY ARMY SERVICE AND UNIVERSITY LIFE TOOK PLACE THERE ENGLAND. IT WAS THEREFORE SOMETHING OF A SURPRISE TO ME THAT I HAD REACTED SO VEHEMENTLY WHEN TOLD OF ASF’S DISTRESS. I GATHERED THAT I MUST’VE UNKNOWINGLY ABSORBED A LOT OF SCOTTISH CULTURE FROM MY VARIOUS SCOTTISH RELATIVES AS I TRAVELLED WITH MY PARENTS TO VISIT THEM IN SCOTLAND.

IT WAS ALSO FORTUNATE THAT, GIVEN MY BUSINESS ACTIVITIES, I WAS ABLE FROM INCEPTION, TO TRAVEL TO SCOTLAND AT LEAST FOUR TIMES A YEAR AND A EDUCATION MYSELF THROUGH REGULAR ENGAGEMENT WITH A WIDE VARIETY OF INTERESTING PEOPLE AND ORGANIZATIONS.  AND, IN DOING SO, I CAME TO RECOGNIZE THAT THERE WAS A REAL NEED FOR ASF TO ACT AS THE BRIDGE BETWEEN SCOTLAND AND UNITED STATES THAT ITS FOUNDER HAD ENVISIONED.  

BESIDES THE FEELING OF DOING SOMETHING THAT WAS USEFUL IN FOSTERING RELATIONS BETWEEN THE TWO COUNTRIES; AN ACTIVITY THAT GAVE ME GREAT SATISFACTION I ALSO HAVE THE GREAT HONOUR TO HAVE BEEN RECOGNIZED BY TWO OF SCOTLAND’S LEADING UNIVERSITIES, EACH OF WHICH CHOSE TO GIVE ME AN HONORARY DEGREE IN RECOGNITION OF MY WORK ON THE HALF OF SCOTTISH AMERICAN RELATIONS.

LEADERSHIP CONFERENCE

I ATTENDED THE LOON MOUNTAIN  GAMES AS THERE WAS TO BE A CAUCUS TAKING PLACE THAT INVOLVED SEVERAL IMPORTANT AMERICAN SCOTTISH ORGANIZATIONS, SUCH AS THE COUNCIL OF SCOTTISH CLANS AND ASSOCIATIONS (COSCA) AND THE ASSOCIATION OF SCOTTISH GAMES AND FESTIVALS (ASGF), THAT, LIKE SO MANY OTHER SCOTTISH AMERICAN ENTITIES THAT REPRESENT KEY COMPONENTS OF THE INFRASTRUCTURE THAT SUSTAINS THE AMERICAN SCOTTISH DIASPORA,  HAVE NEITHER THE ENDOWMENT, BENEFACTORS, SPONSORS  OR THE REVENUE STREAMS TO ENABLE THEM TO ADEQUATELY FULFILL THEIR RESPECTIVE  MISSIONS.THE AMERICAN-SCOTTISH FOUNDATION IS IN A SIMILAR SITUATION. IT HAS LARGELY BEEN SUSTAINED BY A FEW BENEFACTORS AND THE BAIN FAMILY AND  MY COMPANY,WORLD-WIDE BUSINESS CENTRES,OVER THE PAST 20+YEARS.

RECOGNIZING ASF’S  NEED TO  PROTECT ITS FUTURE I STARTED AN  INVESTIGATION OF THE BROADER NEEDS OF THE AMERICAN SCOTTISH COMMUNITY,  AND CONCLUDED THAT THE ISSUE NEEDED TO BE ADDRESSED IN A MORE HOLISTIC WAY.

I REALIZED  THAT THE INVITATION FROM VISITSCOTLAND TO REPRISE THE SCOTTISH NORTH AMERICAN LEADERSHIP CONFERENCE IN SCOTLAND IN 2014 WAS A PERFECT PLATFORM TO BOTH STIMULATE A DISCUSSION OF  THE NATURE OF THE IDEAL RELATIONSHIP THAT  SHOULD EXIST BETWEEN SCOTLAND AND ITS DIASPORA AND ADDRESS THE QUESTION AS TO WHETHER THERE EXISTS A BASIS ON WHICH  THE LONG TERM STRUCTURE THAT UNDERPINS THE EXISTENCE OF SCOTTISH DIASPORA COMMUNITIES CAN BE SUSTAINED ON A BASIS THAT, CAN BE REALISTICALLY ACHIEVED AND ,IF SO, TO IDENTIFY THE STEPS THAT NEED TO BE TAKEN TO MAKE IT HAPPEN.

AS THE ANSWER TO THE QUESTION IN MY MIND LIES IN THE POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL BENEFITS TO SCOTLAND TO BE DERIVED FROM AN ENGAGED DIASPORA-THINK INBOUND TOURISM AS A KEY EXAMPLE-I WANT TO HAVE THE ISSUE PLACED BEFORE AN COMMERCIALLY MINDED AUDIENCE. HENCE MY REQUEST TO “BUSINESS INSIDER TO BECOME A MEDIA PARTNER FOR  THE EVENT HELPING NOT ONLY ATTRACT AN APPROPRIATE AUDIENCE BUT ALSO TO  DEFINE THE TOPICS THAT NEED TO BE ADDRESSED AND TO GIVE ADVISE ON THE MOST APPROPRIATE WAY IN WHICH TO POSITION THEM.

I AM DELIGHTED THAT CELTIC LIFE HAS AGREED, TO ATTEND THE 2013 SCOTTISH NORTH AMERICAN LEADERSHIP CONFERENCE.  THE 2013 CONFERENCE’S OBJECTIVES ARE TO PROSPECTS FOR AN IMPROVED ENGAGEMENT BETWEEN SCOTLAND AND ITS DIASPORA THAT ARE TO BE PRESENTED IN 2014, HOW AND BY WHOM THEY ARE TO BE PRESENTED; WHAT SUPPORTING DATA SHOULD BE ASSEMBLED, AND WHO SHOULD BE INVITED TO PARTICIPATE, PARTICULARLY FOR SCOTLAND.

THE 2014 CONFERENCE DATE IN 2014 IS JULY 7TH.THE DATE WAS CHOSEN SO THAT THE LEADERSHIP CONFERENCE COULD TIE INTO A DIASPORA CONFERENCE BEING RUN BY PROFESSOR TOM DEVINE, EDINBURGH UNIVERSITY’S CHAIR OF DIASPORA STUDIES.  AN ARRANGEMENT WHEREBY THE TWO WILL SYNCHRONIZE THEIR MESSAGE IS IN PLACE.

ONE FURTHER ELEMENT THAT FACILITATES OUR OUTREACH TO SCOTLAND  IS THE FACT THAT ASF HAS JUST RECENTLY ENTERED INTO AN ARRANGEMENT WITH THE SCOTTISH HISTORIC BUILDINGS TRUST TO OPEN AN OFFICE IN ONE OF ITS PROPERTIES AS A PRELUDE TO LAUNCHING A SCOTTISH CHARITABLE ENTITY THAT WILL SERVE AS THE PLATFORM FOR ASF’S ACTIVITIES THERE.  THESE  ARE TAKING ON INCREASING IMPORTANCE.  WE HAVE A GROWING TEAM IN SCOTLAND TO EXPAND THE SMALL GROUP THAT HAS CURRENTLY SERVES ON ASF’S BOARD  OR AS ITS ADVISORS.

LEADERSHIP CONFERENCE EXPERIENCE

ON THIS OCCASION THE EXPERIENCE WILL BE SOMEWHAT DIFFERENT FROM PRIOR CONFERENCES IN THAT WE ARE SEEKING INPUT FROM THE ATTENDEES ON THE STRUCTURING OBJECTIVES AND OUTCOMES SOUGHT FROM THE 2014 CONFERENCE.

IN ADDITION TO BEING ABLE TO CANDIDLY DISCUSS THE ISSUES THAT THEY ARE INVOLVED WITH, ATTENDING INDIVIDUALS/ORGANIZATIONS WILL, AS USUAL, BE ABLE TO GAIN ADVICE FROM OTHERS WHO HAVE EXPERIENCED SIMILAR ISSUES AND HAVE PERHAPS ACHIEVED WORKABLE SOLUTIONS; OUR BEST PRACTICES DEVELOPMENT AND OBJECTIVES.  THEY WILL ALSO HAVE AN OPPORTUNITY, AS NOTED, ABOVE TO SHAPE THE 2014 CONFERENCE PARTICULARLY THE AUDIENCE SHOULD,

IF THE PASTS HISTORY IS ANYTHING TO GO BY, COME AWAY FEELING THAT IT WAS TIME WELL SPENT, THAT NEW FRIENDSHIPS WERE FORMED AND MUCH HAS BEEN LEARNED.

IMPORTANCE

THE IMPORTANCE OF THIS EVENT LIES IN THE FACT THAT SCOTLAND IS LARGELY UNAWARE OF THE CIRCUMSTANCES UNDER WHICH THE AMERICAN SCOTTISH COMMUNITY OPERATES CURRENTLY.  ORGANIZATIONS ARE LARGELY VOLUNTEER DRIVEN, UNDERFUNDED AND WITH LITTLE MARGIN FOR ERROR.

THE 2014 CONFERENCE, AS IN 2009, GIVES SCOTTISH DIASPORA COMMUNITIES CURRENTLY THE OPPORTUNITY TO STATE THEIR CASE TO THOSE IN SCOTLAND THAT MIGHT HAVE AN INTEREST IN LISTENING AND ADDRESSING FROM A  COMMERCIAL, NON-COMMERCIAL , ALTRUISTIC  REASON, THE ISSUES RAISED.

SCOTTISH COMMUNITIES AROUND THE WORLD ARE, IN OUR OPINION, INVALUABLE ASSET OF SCOTLAND. THEY NEED TO BE RECOGNIZED AS SUCH, AND, LIKE ALL ASSETS, MANAGED TO ENSURE THEIR CONTINUING VALUE. IT IS OUR HOPE THAT IF MESSAGE IS SKILLFULLY PRESENTED WITH A WORKABLE PLAN OF ACTION TO ADDRESS THE ISSUES RAISED IT CAN BE A TRANSFORMATIVE MOMENT FOR THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SCOTLAND AND ITS PEOPLES OVERSEAS

I HOPE THAT A PROFESSIONALLY MANAGED NON-GOVERNMENTAL BODY WILL BE ELECTED TO REPRESENT ALL THE INTERESTS INVOLVED BOTH THOSE IN SCOTLAND AND OVERSEAS THAT WILL ADVISE AND MANAGE THE STRATEGY THAT DEVELOPS FROM THE CONFERENCE.

ASF ENGAGES EXTENSIVELY WITH SCOTTISH GOVERNMENT AND ITS AGENCIES SUCH AS SCOTTISH ENTERPRISE, SCOTTISH DEVELOPMENT INTERNATIONAL, VISITSCOTLAND AND ITS CULTURAL AND HERITAGE DEVELOPMENTS. THERE IS DEFINITELY A DESIRE ON THE PART OF THE SCOTTISH AMERICAN COMMUNITY TO PRESERVE THEIR CULTURE AND HERITAGE. THE RESOURCES TO SATISFY THIS EDUCATIONAL NEEDS ARE AVAILABLE AND LARGELY ACCESSIBLE, IF ONE KNOWS WHERE TO LOOK.  HOWEVER,  THE TOOLS TO MAKE IT READILY AVAILABLE AND ACCESSIBLE ARE INADEQUATE ARE BECAUSE OF LACK OF DIRECTION AND FUNDING.   AN EXAMPLE OF A SUCCESSFUL MATCH OF FUNDING AND PRODUCT HAVE COINCIDED IS IN THE AREA OF TOURISM.  VISITSCOTLAND HAS A VERY SIGNIFICANT ANCESTRAL SCOTLAND PROGRAM THAT IT CAPITALIZES UPON BECAUSE IT HAS TAKEN A VERY COMMERCIAL APPROACH.

WE COULD ACHIEVE MORE BY EXPANDING THE REACH OF THE OUTPUT OF THE CONFERENCE IN DEFINING BEST PRACTICES AND COMMUNICATING THOSE ASPECTS ELECTRONICALLY VIA POSTINGS, WEBINARS AND THE LIKE.  AGAIN, THIS REQUIRES A DEDICATED RESOURCES COMMITTED TO THIS FUNCTION.  THE MECHANISM FOR FUNDING FOR THESE SUPPORT FUNCTION IS THE OUTCOME WE HOPE TO ACHIEVE THROUGH THE CONFERENCE.

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